Organic Chemistry Functional Groups and Reactions

The video tutorial covers the chemistry of hydrocarbons, focusing on their structure, functional groups, and reactions. It explains the properties and naming conventions of organic compounds, including halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, and carbonyl compounds. The tutorial also discusses substitution reactions and the characteristics of carboxylic acids and their derivatives.

What is a functional group in an organic molecule?

• A molecule that cannot form bonds

• A single atom that does not react

• A group of atoms that always react in a certain way

• A group of atoms that never react

What is an alkyl halide?

• An organic compound with a halogen atom bonded to an aliphatic carbon

• A compound with only carbon and hydrogen atoms

• A molecule with a hydroxyl group

• A compound with a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon

How are halogen atoms listed in the names of organic molecules?

• In order of increasing atomic number

• In order of decreasing atomic number

• Alphabetically

• By their boiling points

What happens in a substitution reaction involving alkanes?

• A hydrogen atom is replaced by a hydroxyl group

• A hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom

• A carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom

• An oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom

What is the process called when hydrogen atoms in alkenes are replaced by halogen atoms?

• Oxidation

• Alkenation

• Halogenation

• Hydrogenation

What is a hydroxyl group?

• An oxygen-hydrogen group covalently bonded to a carbon atom

• A nitrogen-hydrogen group bonded to a carbon atom

• A sulfur-oxygen group bonded to a carbon atom

• A carbon-oxygen group bonded to a hydrogen atom

Why are ethers less soluble in water than alcohols?

• They form stronger covalent bonds

• They have more carbon atoms

• They have no hydrogen to donate to hydrogen bonds

• They have a higher boiling point

What is a carbonyl group?

• An oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon atom

• A nitrogen atom double bonded to a carbon atom

• A hydrogen atom double bonded to a carbon atom

• A sulfur atom double bonded to a carbon atom

What is an ester?

• An organic compound with a carboxyl group where the hydrogen is replaced by an alkyl group

• A molecule with a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon

• A compound with a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group

• A compound with a hydroxyl group

What occurs during a condensation reaction?

• A molecule loses an electron

• Two smaller molecules combine to form a more complex molecule with the loss of a small molecule

• A single molecule breaks down into smaller molecules

• A molecule gains an additional atom