Macromolecules and Their Functions

The video reviews the four major macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It explains their elemental composition, structure, and function. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and are involved in energy storage and photosynthesis. Proteins, composed of amino acids, are crucial for muscle and enzyme function. Lipids, including triglycerides and phospholipids, store energy and form cell membranes. Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are made of nucleotides and carry genetic information.

Which elements are common to all macromolecules?

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

• Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

• Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

• Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

What is the basic building block of carbohydrates?

• Amino acids

• Fatty acids

• Nucleotides

• Monosaccharides

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into which molecule?

• Starch

• Glucose

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

• Chitin

• Cellulose

• Starch

• Glycogen

Which hormone helps regulate blood sugar levels by promoting glucose storage?

• Glucagon

• Cortisol

• Insulin

• Adrenaline

What is the monomer of proteins?

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

• Monosaccharides

• Fatty acids

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

• Genetic information storage

• Enzyme catalysis

• Cell membrane structure

• Energy storage

What type of macromolecule is a triglyceride?

• Lipid

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

• Nucleic acid

Which component is unique to nucleic acids compared to other macromolecules?

• Phosphorus

• Nitrogen

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of structure?

• DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded

• DNA contains uracil, RNA contains thymine

• DNA is single-stranded, RNA is double-stranded

• DNA is made of amino acids, RNA is made of nucleotides