Genetic Code and Mutations

The video tutorial covers RNA and protein synthesis, detailing the roles of different RNA types in protein assembly. It explains transcription, RNA editing, and the genetic code, followed by translation. The tutorial also discusses mutations, their types, and effects on proteins. Finally, it explores gene regulation, including operons and eukaryotic gene control, and the process of cell differentiation.

What is the primary role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

• To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

• To carry amino acids to the ribosome

• To splice introns and exons

• To form the structure of ribosomes

Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA?

• Ligase

• Helicase

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

How many nitrogenous bases are there in the genetic code of RNA?

• Three

• Four

• Six

• Five

What is the function of a codon in the genetic code?

• To code for a specific amino acid

• To splice RNA molecules

• To signal the start of DNA replication

• To bind RNA polymerase

What type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, altering the reading frame?

• Point mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Frame shift mutation

• Silent mutation

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?

• Silent mutation

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Duplication

What is the role of the Lac operon in bacteria?

• To regulate the synthesis of proteins

• To initiate DNA replication

• To control the use of lactose as a food source

• To splice RNA molecules

How are most eukaryotic genes regulated?

• By enhancer sequences

• By operons

• By RNA splicing

• By DNA replication

Which scientist(s) concluded that DNA is the genetic material?

• Watson and Crick

• Hershey and Chase

• Avery

• Griffith

What is the significance of the experiments conducted by Griffith, Avery, Hershey, and Chase?

• They discovered the structure of DNA

• They identified the role of RNA in protein synthesis

• They explained the process of transcription

• They demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material