Atomic Structure and Bonding Concepts

Protons and electrons

Protons and neutrons

Electrons and neutrons

Only protons

2

8

18

32

They have more protons

They have more neutrons

They do not react with other elements

They have fewer electrons

Noble gases

Halogens

Transition metals

Alkali metals

Free electrons

Bonding electrons

Valence electrons

Core electrons

1

3

2

4

Sodium gains an electron and chlorine loses one

Sodium and chlorine share electrons equally

Sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains one

Both sodium and chlorine gain electrons

Ionic bond

Covalent bond

Hydrogen bond

Metallic bond

8

1

5

7

Ionic bonds involve sharing electrons, covalent bonds involve transferring electrons

Both involve sharing electrons

Ionic bonds involve transferring electrons, covalent bonds involve sharing electrons

Both involve transferring electrons