Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas

The lecture discusses the outcomes and impact of the Enlightenment, highlighting the shift towards a secular worldview, the rise of enlightened despotism, and the influence on revolutions like the American and French Revolutions. It covers educational reforms and the development of classical liberalism, emphasizing liberty and equality. The social impact on women is also explored, noting their roles in salons and contributions to education and feminism.

What major shift in worldview occurred in Europe during the Enlightenment?

• A focus on mysticism

• A move towards a secular worldview

• A return to religious dominance

• An increase in superstitions

Which countries were known for Enlightenment despotism?

• Portugal and Greece

• Spain and Italy

• Prussia, Russia, and Austria

• England and Scotland

What was a common reform pursued by Enlightenment despots?

• Expansion of serfdom

• Increased religious persecution

• Streamlining legal codes

• Isolationist policies

What political philosophy emerged from the Enlightenment and influenced the American and French Revolutions?

• Socialism

• Classical Liberalism

• Feudalism

• Communism

What was a key belief of classical liberalism that influenced revolutions?

• Feudal obligations

• Divine right of kings

• Liberty and equality before the law

• Absolute monarchy

Which economic system grew as a result of Enlightenment ideas and contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

• Mercantilism

• Feudalism

• Laissez-faire Capitalism

• Barter System

What did Adam Smith's laissez-faire capitalism oppose?

• Communism

• Feudalism

• Mercantilism

• Socialism

Who is considered a founder of modern Western feminism and advocated for women's rights during the Enlightenment?

• Voltaire

• Catherine the Great

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Mary Astell

Which Enlightenment thinker believed women were capable of the same achievements as men?

• Hobbes

• Locke

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

What role did salons play in the Enlightenment for women?

• Centers for religious worship

• Venues for political campaigns

• Gathering places for intellectual discussion

• Markets for trading goods