Biomolecules Structure and Function

This video tutorial covers the identification and structure of the four macromolecules studied in biology: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. It explains the unique characteristics of each macromolecule, including their elemental composition and structural forms. Carbohydrates are discussed in terms of their ring structures and ratios of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Lipids are described as carbon chains with carboxy groups, including saturated and unsaturated forms. Nucleic acids are identified by their phosphate groups and nucleotide structures, while proteins are explained through their amino acid building blocks and complex structures.

What is the typical structure of a carbohydrate molecule?

• Ring structure

• Branched chain

• Helical structure

• Linear chain of carbon atoms

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

• Glucose

• Fructose

• Sucrose

• Starch

What is a characteristic feature of lipids?

• Chain of carbon atoms

• Double helix

• Ring structure

• Presence of nitrogen

Which element is crucial for identifying nucleic acids?

• Magnesium

• Calcium

• Phosphorus

• Sulfur

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

• Fatty acid

• Nucleotide

• Monosaccharide

• Amino acid

Which structure is NOT associated with proteins?

• Beta sheet

• Alpha helix

• Double helix

• Globular shape

What is the primary structure of a protein composed of?

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

• Fatty acids

• Monosaccharides

Which group is always present in amino acids?

• Phosphate group

• Carboxy group

• Hydroxyl group

• Methyl group

How can you differentiate a carbohydrate from a lipid?

• Presence of phosphorus

• Ring structure and 1:2:1 ratio

• Presence of nitrogen

• Globular shape

What should you look for to identify a nucleic acid?

• Ring structure

• Carboxy group

• Globular shape

• Phosphate group