Taoism and Ancient Chinese Philosophy

The lecture explores the sustainability of ancient Chinese civilization through a four-part process: goals, challenges, solutions, and results. It discusses the development of Chinese philosophies like Legalism, Confucianism, and Taoism, which supported the dynastic system. Legalism, used by Shi Huangdi, was harsh, leading to a preference for Confucianism and Taoism, which emphasized balance, education, and harmony with nature. These philosophies collectively contributed to the long-term sustainability of Chinese civilization.

What is the primary goal discussed in the lecture regarding ancient Chinese civilization?

• To conquer neighboring regions

• To sustain Chinese civilization for 1300 years and beyond

• To develop new technologies

• To expand Chinese territory

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a challenge to sustaining Chinese civilization?

• External threats

• Mongol invasions

• Lack of resources

• Chinese geography

What system did the Zhou Dynasty use to govern lands?

• Republic

• Democracy

• Monarchy

• Feudalism

What philosophy did Shi Huangdi use to consolidate his rule?

• Confucianism

• Buddhism

• Taoism

• Legalism

According to Legalism, what must be acquired by humans?

• Goodness

• Knowledge

• Power

• Wealth

Which philosophy emphasizes respect for elders and a code of politeness?

• Buddhism

• Taoism

• Legalism

• Confucianism

Who is the founder of Confucianism?

• Lao Tzu

• Shi Huangdi

• Sun Tzu

• Confucius

What is a key belief of Taoism?

• Strict laws and harsh punishments

• Emphasis on education

• Worship of ancestors

• Living in harmony with nature

Which philosophy is based on the teachings of Lao Tzu?

• Confucianism

• Legalism

• Taoism

• Buddhism

What do the yin and yang represent in Taoism?

• Life and death

• Heaven and earth

• Opposites in nature

• Good and evil