Natural Selection and Evolution Concepts

The video lesson covers the theory of evolution by natural selection, starting with an introduction to the topic and Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle. It discusses Darwin's observations on the Galapagos Islands and the influences of other scientists on his theory. The lesson explains natural selection, including genetic variation and adaptation, and concludes with how species adapt over time and the concept of extinction.

What was the primary focus of Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle?

• To map the coastlines of South America

• To collect and observe living and fossil specimens

• To establish trade routes

• To study ocean currents

What did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?

• They had different beak sizes related to their diet

• They were all identical to mainland finches

• They could not fly

• They were all extinct

Which concept involves selecting plants or animals for breeding based on desired traits?

• Artificial selection

• Mutation

• Natural selection

• Genetic drift

Who hypothesized that small changes in rocks accumulate over millions of years?

• Charles Lyell

• John Baptiste Lamarck

• Charles Darwin

• Thomas Malthus

What is the process by which organisms with advantageous traits reproduce more successfully?

• Speciation

• Natural selection

• Genetic drift

• Artificial selection

What is a mutation in the context of genetic variation?

• A type of artificial selection

• A new species formation

• A change in genetic material

• A change in the environment

How do adaptations become more common in a population?

• By being artificially selected

• By being inherited and selected over generations

• Through random chance

• Through environmental changes

What happens to a species if no individuals have traits to survive in a changed environment?

• They evolve new traits instantly

• They thrive and multiply

• They migrate to a new environment

• They become extinct

What can lead to the extinction of a species?

• All of the above

• Loss of habitat

• New predators

• Greater competition

What does the fossil record show about species?

• All species have remained unchanged

• Many species have become extinct

• Species have always existed in their current form

• Species do not adapt to environmental changes