RNA Structure and Function Concepts

This video tutorial covers topic 3.4.2 of the AQA A-level biology specification, focusing on DNA and protein synthesis. It explains the concepts of genome and proteome, the structure and function of mRNA and tRNA, and the processes of transcription, gene splicing, and translation. The tutorial also provides tips for exam questions and concludes with a preview of the next topic on genetic diversity.

What is the complete set of genes in a cell called?

• tRNA

• Genome

• Proteome

• mRNA

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes?

• snRNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

What shape does tRNA fold into due to hydrogen bonding?

• Helix

• Cloverleaf

• Loop

• Sheet

Which of the following is a characteristic of mRNA?

• Long and has hydrogen bonds

• Short and has no hydrogen bonds

• Long and has no hydrogen bonds

• Short and has hydrogen bonds

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

• Binds amino acids

• Unwinds DNA and synthesizes mRNA

• Splices introns

• Transports mRNA

In eukaryotes, what is removed during gene splicing?

• Introns

• Exons

• Codons

• Anticodons

What is the final product of gene splicing in eukaryotes?

• Pre-mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• Mature mRNA

What is the role of ribosomes during translation?

• Splice mRNA

• Form polypeptides

• Synthesize tRNA

• Unwind DNA

What happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon during translation?

• DNA is replicated

• tRNA binds

• Polypeptide chain is released

• mRNA is synthesized