Genetic Mutations and Codon Functions

The video tutorial explains deletion mutations, specifically frame shift mutations, where a single nucleotide is deleted, altering the reading frame of DNA. It covers how DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA, which is then translated into proteins. The tutorial details the process of base pairing between DNA and RNA, and how codons specify amino acids. It highlights the impact of a deletion mutation on the amino acid sequence, emphasizing the concept of the degenerate code, where multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, affecting the resulting protein's functionality.

What is a deletion mutation also known as?

• Point mutation

• Missense mutation

• Frame shift mutation

• Silent mutation

Which base does adenine pair with in mRNA?

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

• Guanine

What amino acid does the mRNA codon AUG code for?

• Tyrosine

• Alanine

• Methionine

• Tryptophan

Which amino acid is specified by the mRNA codon UAC?

• Alanine

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Tryptophan

How does a deletion mutation affect the reading frame of DNA?

• It does not affect the reading frame

• It shifts the reading frame

• It duplicates the reading frame

• It reverses the reading frame

What is the result of a shifted reading frame due to a deletion mutation?

• No change in protein function

• A completely different amino acid sequence

• A longer protein

• A shorter protein

Why does the third amino acid remain the same despite a codon change?

• Because of a missense mutation

• Because of the degenerate code

• Because of a nonsense mutation

• Because of a silent mutation

How many possible codons are there in the genetic code?

• 64

• 20

• 32

• 16

What is the significance of the degenerate code in DNA?

• It ensures each codon codes for a unique amino acid

• It prevents mutations

• It allows multiple codons to code for the same amino acid

• It allows for more amino acids than codons

What happens to the protein function if a deletion mutation results in a nonfunctional polypeptide?

• The protein function is duplicated

• The protein function is lost

• The protein function is enhanced

• The protein function remains unchanged