DNA Structure and Function Concepts

The video tutorial covers the structure of chromosomes, the cell cycle, and cell division. It explains the importance of cell division in life, the discovery and structure of chromosomes, and the role of chromatin and DNA. The tutorial also discusses DNA replication, genes, and mutations, providing a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes.

What is the primary role of cell division in living organisms?

• To increase the size of the organism

• To enable life to continue across generations

• To produce energy for the cell

• To eliminate waste products

Who first studied chromosomes in animals?

• Walter Fleming

• Rosalind Franklin

• James Watson

• Gregor Mendel

What is the function of the centromere during cell division?

• To replicate DNA

• To attach chromatids to spindle fibers

• To produce energy

• To synthesize proteins

What are the two main components of chromatin fibers?

• Sugars and phosphates

• DNA and histones

• Lipids and carbohydrates

• RNA and proteins

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

• Adenine

What forms the sides of the DNA ladder structure?

• Nitrogenous bases

• Proteins

• Phosphate and sugar molecules

• Lipids

What is the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• Adenine with cytosine, guanine with thymine

• Adenine with guanine, cytosine with thymine

• Adenine with uracil, guanine with cytosine

• Adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine

During DNA replication, what happens to the two polynucleotide strands?

• They coil more tightly

• They become inactive

• They separate and form new strands

• They are destroyed

What is a gene?

• A segment of RNA

• A type of protein

• A lipid molecule

• A segment of DNA encoding a protein

What is the result of a gene mutation?

• Increased energy production

• Altered protein synthesis

• No change in the organism

• Decreased cell division