Antibody Structure and Function Concepts

The video tutorial covers antibodies, focusing on their structure, function, and the nature of monoclonal antibodies. It explains how monoclonal antibodies are produced and used to target specific substances and cells. The tutorial also discusses the specificity of antibodies due to their unique 3D structure and the process of producing monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology.

What is the structural composition of an antibody?

• Two polypeptide chains

• Four polypeptide chains

• Three polypeptide chains

• Five polypeptide chains

What distinguishes the binding sites of antibodies from active sites of enzymes?

• They are larger than active sites

• They are binding sites, not active sites

• They are not specific

• They are identical to active sites

What is the role of the variable region in an antibody?

• It determines the antibody's specificity

• It changes the antibody's color

• It is responsible for the antibody's weight

• It is the same in all antibodies

What is the significance of the constant region in antibodies?

• It remains the same in all antibodies

• It is responsible for antigen binding

• It changes the antibody's function

• It varies in each antibody

How do antibodies assist in the destruction of antigens?

• By making them invisible to phagocytes

• By changing their structure

• By causing agglutination and serving as markers

• By directly destroying them

What is the primary characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?

• They are produced from different B cells

• They are identical and produced from identical B cells

• They are produced in small quantities

• They have multiple variable regions

What is the first step in producing monoclonal antibodies?

• Fusing B cells with myeloma cells

• Vaccinating a mouse with an antigen

• Culturing hybridoma cells

• Extracting antibodies from the growth medium

Why are myeloma cells used in the production of monoclonal antibodies?

• They are resistant to antibiotics

• They divide rapidly

• They have a controlled mitosis

• They divide slowly

What is the purpose of hybridoma cells in monoclonal antibody production?

• To destroy the antigen

• To change the antigen structure

• To produce identical antibodies

• To produce different antibodies

How are monoclonal antibodies extracted after production?

• From the phagocytes

• From the antigen

• From the growth medium

• From the mouse directly