Evolutionary Patterns and Processes

The video explores patterns of evolution, focusing on allopatric speciation, divergent and convergent evolution, and extinction. It explains how geographical isolation leads to speciation, the differences between divergent and convergent evolution, and the concept of extinction with examples from Australian megafauna.

Which of the following is NOT a pattern of evolution discussed in the video?

• Allopatric speciation

• Divergent evolution

• Convergent evolution

• Sympatric speciation

What is the defining characteristic of allopatric speciation?

• All members of a species die out

• Species evolve from a common ancestor

• Species develop similar traits independently

• Populations become geographically isolated

What role do selective pressures play in allopatric speciation?

• They drive evolutionary changes in isolated populations

• They cause populations to become geographically isolated

• They result in species developing similar traits

• They lead to the extinction of species

In divergent evolution, species evolve from a common ancestor. What is this process called when it involves a large number of species?

• Mass extinction

• Allopatric speciation

• Adaptive radiation

• Convergent evolution

Which of the following is an example of divergent evolution?

• Dolphins and penguins developing similar swimming features

• Mammals evolving different features from a common ancestor

• All members of a species dying out

• Species developing similar traits due to similar environments

What is a key feature of convergent evolution?

• Species evolve from a common ancestor

• Species undergo adaptive radiation

• Species develop similar traits independently

• Species become geographically isolated

Which of the following is NOT an example of convergent evolution?

• Marsupial and placental mammals in Australia

• Different species developing similar traits due to similar environments

• Dolphins and penguins developing similar swimming features

• Mammals evolving different features from a common ancestor

What percentage of species that have ever lived are now extinct?

• 50-60%

• 70-80%

• 98-99%

• 100%

What is a mass extinction?

• A massive increase in the extinction rate

• A gradual increase in the number of species

• The geographical isolation of populations

• The evolution of new species

Which of the following is an example of an extinct species discussed in the video?

• Australian megafauna

• Penguins

• Modern humans

• Dolphins