Physiological Responses and Protective Mechanisms

The video explains the role of skin as the primary physical barrier against microorganisms, highlighting its structure, including the epidermis and dermis. It discusses other barriers like eyelashes, nasal hairs, and mucous membranes, emphasizing the mucociliary escalator's role in lung health. The video also covers physiological responses such as coughing and sneezing, which help expel pathogens. It concludes by noting the increased risk of infection when the skin barrier is compromised.

What is the primary function of the skin as a physical barrier?

• To produce vitamin D

• To regulate body temperature

• To provide a tough, impenetrable layer

• To store fat

Which cells are primarily responsible for forming the tough layer of the skin?

• Melanocytes

• Fibroblasts

• Adipocytes

• Keratinocytes

How does the skin's acidic environment contribute to its protective function?

• By promoting hair growth

• By enhancing vitamin D production

• By inhibiting microbial growth

• By increasing moisture retention

What role do eyelashes and eyelids play in protecting the eyes?

• They produce tears

• They regulate eye temperature

• They trap and expel microorganisms and dust

• They enhance vision clarity

What is the function of nasal hairs and mucus in the nose?

• To produce nasal sounds

• To trap and prevent the entry of microorganisms

• To humidify inhaled air

• To enhance the sense of smell

What is the role of cilia in the respiratory tract?

• To regulate air pressure

• To produce mucus

• To trap and expel microorganisms

• To absorb oxygen

What is the mucociliary escalator?

• A system for producing mucus

• A method for regulating body temperature

• A process for expelling trapped microorganisms

• A mechanism for absorbing nutrients

Which physiological response helps expel microorganisms from the respiratory system?

• Yawning

• Shivering

• Coughing

• Sweating

Why are infections more likely when the skin is broken?

• Because the skin loses its moisture

• Because the skin produces less vitamin D

• Because pathogens can easily enter the body

• Because the skin becomes more acidic

What is a common physiological response to expel microorganisms from the digestive system?

• Hiccuping

• Yawning

• Vomiting

• Sweating