Properties and Structure of Water

This video explains the structure of water molecules, which consist of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, forming the molecular formula H2O. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are connected by covalent bonds, where electrons are shared. The oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity, leading to polar covalent bonds. The molecule's shape is bent due to lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen. The polarity of water results in an electrical dipole, with the oxygen side being negatively charged and the hydrogen side positively charged.

What is the molecular formula of a water molecule?

• HO2

• H2O2

• H3O

• H2O

How many electrons does each hydrogen atom contribute to a covalent bond in water?

• Four

• Two

• One

• Three

What shape does the presence of lone pairs on oxygen give to a water molecule?

• Trigonal Planar

• Bent

• Tetrahedral

• Linear

Why are the bonds in a water molecule considered polar covalent?

• Because electrons are shared equally

• Because electrons are transferred

• Because electrons are not shared at all

• Because electrons are shared unequally

Which atom in a water molecule has a higher electronegativity?

• Both have equal electronegativity

• Oxygen

• Neither

• Hydrogen

What symbol is used to denote the higher electronegativity of oxygen in water?

• α-

• δ-

• δ+

• α+

What causes the electrical dipole in a water molecule?

• Unequal sharing of electrons

• Transfer of electrons

• Equal sharing of electrons

• No sharing of electrons

Which side of the water molecule is slightly positively charged?

• Both sides are equally charged

• The side with oxygen atom

• The side with hydrogen atoms

• The side with lone pairs

What is the overall charge distribution in a water molecule?

• Uniformly charged

• Non-polar

• Polar

• Neutral