RNA Processing and Modification Concepts

This video tutorial explains RNA processing, which occurs in the nucleus. It covers the transformation of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) into mature messenger RNA (mRNA) through capping, polyadenylation, and splicing. The 5' cap is crucial for ribosome binding, while the 3' polyadenylation prevents mRNA degradation. Introns are spliced out, leaving exons for expression. The processed mRNA is then transported to the cytosol for translation. The video emphasizes understanding these processes for application in test scenarios.

What is the initial RNA transcript called after DNA is transcribed in the nucleus?

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)

• Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

Where does RNA processing occur within the cell?

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

What is the purpose of adding a 5' cap to RNA?

• To splice out introns

• To initiate translation by ribosomes

• To prevent RNA degradation

• To add polyadenylation

What is the 5' cap made of?

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Seven methyl guanosine

• Thymine

What is the signal sequence for polyadenylation?

• AAUAAA

• UAA

• CCG

• AUG

Why is polyadenylation important for mRNA?

• It initiates transcription

• It prevents mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm

• It helps in splicing out introns

• It binds ribosomes for translation

What happens to introns during RNA processing?

• They are capped

• They are spliced out and removed

• They are polyadenylated

• They are expressed

What is the final product called after hnRNA is processed?

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)

What role do P-bodies play in mRNA regulation?

• They add a 5' cap

• They initiate transcription

• They store and degrade mRNA

• They splice out introns

Where is the 5' cap added to the mRNA?

• In the endoplasmic reticulum

• In the cytoplasm

• In the mitochondria

• In the nucleus