Swallowing Mechanisms and Functions

Dr. O explains the complex process of deglutition, or swallowing, which involves multiple phases: voluntary, pharyngeal, and esophageal. The voluntary phase is controlled by the tongue and soft palate, while the pharyngeal and esophageal phases are involuntary, involving the epiglottis and esophageal sphincters. The video also discusses GERD, heartburn, and the importance of stomach health, emphasizing the need for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What is the technical term for swallowing?

• Peristalsis

• Ingestion

• Deglutition

• Mastication

Which phase of swallowing is voluntary?

• Pharyngeal

• Esophageal

• Oral

• Gastric

During the voluntary phase, what prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?

• Epiglottis

• Soft palate and uvula

• Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

• Tongue

What action does the epiglottis perform during the pharyngeal phase?

• Blocks the nasal passage

• Pushes food into the esophagus

• Covers the glottis

• Opens the trachea

What is the role of the upper esophageal sphincter during swallowing?

• Closes to prevent reflux

• Opens to allow food into the esophagus

• Prevents food from entering the trachea

• Keeps the esophagus open

What type of muscle is found in the lower third of the esophagus?

• Smooth muscle

• Skeletal muscle

• Cardiac muscle

• Mixed muscle

What condition is caused by the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus?

• Ulcer

• GERD

• Colitis

• Gastritis

What is the primary function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

• To produce stomach acid

• To facilitate swallowing

• To prevent acid reflux

• To aid in digestion

Which of the following can potentially cause the lower esophageal sphincter to open unintentionally?

• High stomach acid

• Gas production from bacterial overgrowth

• Excessive swallowing

• Lack of melatonin

Why is it not always advisable to use acid-lowering medications for heartburn?

• They are ineffective

• They can cause ulcers

• Stomach acid is necessary for digestion

• They increase stomach acid production