Genetic Code Concepts and Functions

The video tutorial explains the genetic code, which translates RNA bases into amino acids, forming part of the central dogma of molecular biology. It details the structure of codons, emphasizing the necessity of three bases to cover all amino acids. The tutorial guides on reading codon tables and introduces the concepts of degeneracy and unambiguity in genetic coding. It highlights the conservation of the genetic code across species and focuses on key codons important for MCAT preparation, including the start codon AUG and stop codons UAA, UGA, and UAG.

What is the role of the genetic code in molecular biology?

• It translates DNA into RNA.

• It translates RNA into proteins.

• It translates amino acids into RNA.

• It translates proteins into DNA.

Why are three bases needed in a codon to encode amino acids?

• To provide enough combinations for all amino acids.

• To reduce the number of possible codons.

• To make the genetic code more complex.

• To simplify the translation process.

How many different codons can be formed with three RNA bases?

• 32

• 16

• 64

• 128

What does it mean when the genetic code is described as degenerative?

• Each codon codes for multiple amino acids.

• Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

• Codons can change over time.

• The genetic code is not universal.

How do you read a codon chart?

• From the 5' end to the 3' end.

• By reading the amino acids directly.

• By looking at the second position first.

• From the 3' end to the 5' end.

What does it mean when the genetic code is unambiguous?

• Codons can be interpreted in different ways.

• Each codon codes for only one amino acid.

• Each codon can code for multiple amino acids.

• The genetic code can change in different species.

Which of the following is the start codon?

• UAG

• UAA

• AUG

• UGA

Which mnemonic helps remember the stop codons?

• Begin, continue, and end.

• Start, pause, and stop.

• Stop, look, and listen.

• You are annoying, you go away, you are gone.

Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?

• UAG

• AUG

• UAA

• UGA

Why is the genetic code considered universal?

• It can be easily modified.

• It is used by all living organisms.

• It varies between different species.

• It is only found in eukaryotes.