Cellular Processes and Phosphorylation

The video tutorial discusses phosphorylation, a biochemical process involving the addition of phosphate to an organic compound. It highlights the importance of phosphorylation in cellular processes and explains the different types, including photophosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, and substrate level phosphorylation. The focus is on substrate level phosphorylation, detailing its role in glycolysis and the TCA cycle during aerobic respiration.

What is the primary function of kinases in phosphorylation?

• To remove phosphate groups

• To add phosphate groups

• To break down ATP

• To synthesize proteins

Which of the following is NOT a cellular process regulated by phosphorylation?

• Apoptosis

• Photosynthesis

• Cell cycle

• Signal transduction

What distinguishes photophosphorylation from oxidative phosphorylation?

• Use of light instead of a chemical compound

• Occurs only in animals

• Involvement of oxygen

• Production of glucose

In glycolysis, which enzyme is responsible for transferring a high-energy phosphate group to ADP?

• Hexokinase

• Phosphoglycerate kinase

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase

• ATP synthase

During glycolysis, which substrate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate?

• Fructose-6-phosphate

• Glucose

• Pyruvate

• 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Which enzyme in glycolysis is involved in the final step of substrate-level phosphorylation?

• Phosphoglycerate kinase

• Aldolase

• Pyruvate kinase

• Enolase

In the TCA cycle, which enzyme facilitates the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate?

• Succinyl-CoA synthetase

• Aconitase

• Fumarase

• Citrate synthase

What is produced when succinyl-CoA is converted to succinate in the TCA cycle?

• NADH

• FADH2

• GTP

• CO2

Which of the following is a characteristic of substrate-level phosphorylation?

• Requires light energy

• Involves an electron transport chain

• Produces water as a byproduct

• Occurs without an external electron acceptor

What is the role of high-energy phosphate bonds in substrate-level phosphorylation?

• To break down glucose

• To synthesize lipids

• To transfer energy to ADP

• To store genetic information