Ionic Charges and Electron Configuration

The video tutorial covers the concept of ions, starting with an introduction to atomic neutrality, where atoms are neutral when they have equal numbers of protons and electrons. It explains electron structures, focusing on valence electrons and the Lewis dot structure. The tutorial discusses the stability of noble gases due to full valence shells, introducing the octet rule. It further explains how elements gain or lose electrons to achieve noble gas configurations, forming cations and anions. Cations are positively charged due to electron loss, while anions are negatively charged due to electron gain.

What makes an atom neutral?

• More protons than electrons

• Equal number of protons and neutrons

• Equal number of protons and electrons

• More electrons than protons

What is the significance of valence electrons in bonding?

• They are involved in chemical bonding and reactivity

• They determine the atomic mass

• They are not important for bonding

• They are found in the nucleus

What is the octet rule?

• Atoms are stable with eight neutrons

• Atoms are stable with a full valence shell of eight electrons

• Atoms are stable with eight protons

• Atoms are stable with eight electrons in the first shell

Why is helium an exception to the octet rule?

• It has a full valence shell with two electrons

• It is not a noble gas

• It has eight electrons in its outer shell

• It has more protons than electrons

How do non-metals achieve a stable electron configuration?

• By gaining neutrons

• By losing electrons

• By gaining electrons

• By sharing protons

Why do metals tend to lose electrons?

• To become non-metals

• To increase their atomic number

• To achieve a full outer shell like noble gases

• To become negatively charged

What happens to sodium when it loses an electron?

• It becomes negatively charged

• It gains a neutron

• It becomes a cation with a positive charge

• It becomes a noble gas

What is a cation?

• An ion with equal protons and electrons

• A negatively charged ion

• A positively charged ion

• An ion with more electrons than protons

What is the charge of an ion that has gained electrons?

• Neutral

• Positive

• Double positive

• Negative

What is the result of an atom having more protons than electrons?

• It becomes a neutral atom

• It becomes a cation

• It becomes an anion

• It becomes a noble gas