Cancer Cell Biology and Control Mechanisms

The video discusses the differences between normal and cancer cells, focusing on cell cycle control, differentiation, structure, contact inhibition, and metastasis. Normal cells are regulated by the cell cycle and undergo apoptosis, while cancer cells divide uncontrollably and spread to other body parts. The video explains contact inhibition, which normal cells follow but cancer cells do not, leading to multilayer growth. It also covers how cancer cells produce enzymes that break down the extracellular matrix, facilitating metastasis.

What is the primary difference in cell cycle control between normal and cancer cells?

• Normal cells are regulated by cyclins and CDKs, while cancer cells are not.

• Cancer cells are regulated by cyclins and CDKs.

• Cancer cells undergo apoptosis like normal cells.

• Normal cells lack a cell cycle control system.

How do normal cells differ from cancer cells in terms of differentiation?

• Cancer cells differentiate more than normal cells.

• Normal cells achieve distinct shapes and functions through differentiation.

• Cancer cells have a smaller nucleus than normal cells.

• Normal cells do not differentiate.

What is the typical nucleus to cytoplasm ratio in normal cells?

• 1:2

• 1:6 or 1:4

• 1:8

• 1:1

What role do E-cadherins play in normal cells?

• They cause cells to undergo necrosis.

• They help cells grow in a monolayer.

• They increase the size of the nucleus.

• They prevent cells from dividing.

What is contact inhibition?

• A process where cells grow in multiple layers.

• A regulatory mechanism that stops cell growth when cells touch each other.

• A process that increases cell differentiation.

• A phenomenon where cancer cells stop dividing.

How do normal cells remain in place within the body?

• By undergoing necrosis.

• By spreading to other parts of the body.

• By adhering to the basement membrane and extracellular matrix.

• Through rapid division.

What is metastasis in the context of cancer?

• The process of normal cells dividing.

• The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body.

• The adherence of cancer cells to the basement membrane.

• The differentiation of cancer cells.

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down the basement membrane in cancer cells?

• CDKs

• Cyclins

• E-cadherins

• Type-IV collagenases

What is the function of metalloproteinases in cancer cells?

• They help in cell differentiation.

• They break down the extracellular matrix.

• They increase the size of the nucleus.

• They regulate the cell cycle.

What happens when cancer cells enter the blood or lymphatic system?

• They spread to other parts of the body.

• They adhere to the basement membrane.

• They undergo apoptosis.

• They stop dividing.