Biological Molecules and Reactions

This biochemistry lecture covers dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions, explaining how monomers form polymers and vice versa. It introduces carbohydrates, detailing monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and their roles in energy storage and structure. The lecture also explores nucleic acids, focusing on DNA and RNA, their monomers, and the bonds that connect them.

What is the significance of chirality in biology?

• It is responsible for the growth rate of plants.

• It influences the size of animal cells.

• It affects the evolutionary processes.

• It determines the color of organisms.

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, what is removed to form a larger molecule?

• Hydrogen

• Water

• Carbon

• Oxygen

Which of the following is a characteristic of hydrolysis reactions?

• Breaking down of polymers

• Increase in temperature

• Creation of carbon bonds

• Formation of water

What is the empirical formula for carbohydrates?

• C3H6O3

• C2H4O2

• CH2O

• C6H12O6

Which sugar is a structural isomer of glucose?

• Maltose

• Fructose

• Sucrose

• Lactose

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

• Chitin

• Glycogen

• Cellulose

• Starch

Which of the following is a component of nucleic acids?

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

• Fatty acids

• Polysaccharides

What type of bond connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid?

• Glycosidic bond

• Peptide bond

• Phosphodiester bond

• Hydrogen bond

Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

What is the role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in cells?

• It encodes information for protein synthesis.

• It catalyzes chemical reactions.

• It stores energy.

• It provides structural support.