Acid-Base Theories and Properties

Miss Moore explains the definitions of acids and bases according to Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry. Arrhenius defines acids as substances that ionize to yield hydrogen ions in water, while bases yield hydroxide ions. Bronsted-Lowry defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. The video also covers conjugate acid-base pairs, where acids lose hydrogen ions to form conjugate bases, and bases gain hydrogen ions to form conjugate acids.

According to Arrhenius, what does an acid produce when dissolved in water?

• Hydroxide ions

• Hydrogen ions

• Sodium ions

• Chloride ions

What is the main difference between Arrhenius acids and bases?

• Acids produce hydroxide ions, bases produce hydrogen ions

• Acids and bases both produce hydroxide ions

• Acids produce hydrogen ions, bases produce hydroxide ions

• Acids and bases both produce hydrogen ions

In Brønsted-Lowry theory, what is an acid defined as?

• A hydroxide donor

• A proton donor

• A proton acceptor

• A hydroxide acceptor

What is the role of a base in Brønsted-Lowry theory?

• To donate hydroxide ions

• To accept protons

• To accept hydroxide ions

• To donate protons

Which type of acid can donate two protons according to Brønsted-Lowry?

• Polyprotic acid

• Triprotic acid

• Diprotic acid

• Monoprotic acid

Which of the following is an example of a monoprotic acid?

• HCl

• H3PO4

• H2S

• H2SO4

How does a triprotic acid differ from a monoprotic acid?

• It can donate one proton

• It can donate two protons

• It can donate three protons

• It can donate four protons

What is a conjugate base?

• A particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion

• A particle formed when a base loses a hydrogen ion

• A particle formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion

• A particle formed when an acid gains a hydrogen ion

What happens to water in a reaction according to Brønsted-Lowry?

• It can act as either an acid or a base

• It always acts as a base

• It does not participate in the reaction

• It always acts as an acid

What is formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion?

• A neutral molecule

• A hydroxide ion

• A conjugate base

• A conjugate acid