Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms to Antibiotics

The video explains five main mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics: decreasing uptake, increasing efflux, inactivating antibiotics, modifying target sites, and amplifying target sites. These mechanisms allow bacteria to survive antibiotic treatments and can spread through plasmids and phages, making resistance a significant challenge in treating bacterial infections. Examples include resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics.

What is one way bacteria can resist antibiotics that are outside the cell?

• By using the antibiotic as a food source

• By modifying the antibiotic

• By decreasing the uptake of the antibiotic

• By increasing the uptake of the antibiotic

What is the function of efflux pumps in bacterial cells?

• To increase antibiotic uptake

• To pump antibiotics out of the cell

• To modify the antibiotic target site

• To degrade antibiotics

How can bacteria inactivate antibiotics?

• By increasing export

• By amplifying the target site

• By breaking down the antibiotic

• By decreasing uptake

What is a unique ability of some bacteria regarding antibiotics?

• They can amplify antibiotics

• They can decrease antibiotic export

• They can increase antibiotic uptake

• They can use antibiotics as a food source

What happens when bacteria modify the target site of an antibiotic?

• The antibiotic binds more effectively

• The antibiotic is exported out of the cell

• The antibiotic is degraded

• The antibiotic can no longer bind

How do bacteria resist antibiotics by amplifying the target site?

• By creating multiple copies of the target

• By decreasing the number of target sites

• By modifying the antibiotic

• By using the antibiotic as a food source

Which antibiotic resistance mechanism involves decreasing uptake?

• Inactivation of the antibiotic

• Decreasing uptake

• Efflux pump development

• Target site modification

How do bacteria become resistant to trimethoprim?

• By decreasing uptake

• By amplifying the target site

• By modifying the antibiotic

• By using the antibiotic as a food source

What makes the spread of antibiotic resistance particularly challenging?

• It spreads through mobile genetic elements

• It only affects one type of antibiotic

• It is limited to a single cell

• It cannot be shared between cells

What role do plasmids play in antibiotic resistance?

• They modify the antibiotic target site

• They degrade antibiotics

• They help spread resistance between cells

• They decrease antibiotic uptake