Isotopes and Atomic Structure Concepts

Mr. Saone explains isotopes, which are versions of the same element with different neutron numbers, unlike ions that have gained or lost electrons. He discusses hydrogen isotopes: protium, deuterium, and tritium, and their neutron differences. The video covers isotope notation, where the atomic number is the number of protons, and the mass number is the total of protons and neutrons. Neon isotopes are used to illustrate weighted average atomic mass. The video also explains how to read isotope notation, using examples like carbon, sodium, and chlorine, emphasizing the importance of protons in defining elements.

What is the main difference between isotopes and ions?

• Isotopes and ions are the same.

• Isotopes are charged atoms, ions are neutral atoms.

• Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, ions have a charge due to electron gain or loss.

• Isotopes have different numbers of protons, ions have different numbers of neutrons.

Which of the following is NOT a stable isotope of hydrogen?

• Quadrium

• Tritium

• Deuterium

• Protium

How is the mass number of an isotope determined?

• By subtracting the number of neutrons from electrons.

• By subtracting the number of electrons from protons.

• By adding the number of protons and neutrons.

• By adding the number of protons and electrons.

What is the average atomic mass of neon primarily influenced by?

• The most abundant isotope of neon.

• The least abundant isotope of neon.

• The number of electrons in neon.

• The number of protons in neon.

If a carbon isotope has 6 protons and 7 neutrons, what is its mass number?

• 6

• 13

• 7

• 12

In isotope notation, what does the subscript number represent?

• The number of neutrons.

• The number of electrons.

• The number of protons.

• The atomic mass.

What is the charge of a sodium ion with 11 protons and 10 electrons?

• 0

• -1

• +2

• +1

How many neutrons are in chlorine-36 if it has 17 protons?

• 19

• 17

• 20

• 18

What does a negative charge on an ion indicate?

• More neutrons than protons.

• Equal number of protons and electrons.

• More electrons than protons.

• More protons than electrons.

Which of the following statements about isotopes is true?

• Isotopes have the same number of neutrons but different protons.

• Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons but the same protons.

• Isotopes have different numbers of electrons but the same neutrons.

• Isotopes have the same number of electrons and neutrons.