Philosophical Theories and Key Thinkers

The video explores the evolution of philosophical and political thought from the 18th to the 19th century, highlighting key figures like Mary Wollstonecraft, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx. Wollstonecraft's feminist critique, Bentham's utilitarianism, Mill's advocacy for individual rights, and Marx's analysis of capitalism are discussed. The video concludes with the impact of these ideas on modern society.

What was Mary Wollstonecraft's main criticism of the philosophical theories of her time?

• They were too focused on science fiction.

• They ignored the importance of economic factors.

• They were overly optimistic about human nature.

• They were biased towards men and excluded women.

Which ethical theory did Jeremy Bentham develop that focuses on maximizing happiness?

• Existentialism

• Deontology

• Virtue Ethics

• Utilitarianism

Which philosopher is known for intertwining ethical and epistemological methods with political theory?

• Karl Marx

• Jeremy Bentham

• John Stuart Mill

• Mary Wollstonecraft

What was John Stuart Mill's stance on individual freedom?

• It is secondary to societal needs.

• It is irrelevant in modern society.

• It should be restricted for the greater good.

• It is essential and should be protected from tyranny.

How did John Stuart Mill differ from Bentham in his utilitarian approach?

• He focused on the quantity of pleasures.

• He emphasized the quality of intellectual pleasures.

• He rejected the idea of utilitarianism entirely.

• He believed in maximizing pain instead of pleasure.

Who was the first British congressman to propose women's suffrage?

• Jeremy Bentham

• Karl Marx

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• John Stuart Mill

What concept did Karl Marx introduce to describe the separation of workers from the products of their labor?

• Class struggle

• Alienation

• Materialism

• Surplus value

According to Marx, what is the main cause of class struggle in capitalist societies?

• Technological advancements

• Political ideologies

• Economic exploitation

• Cultural differences

What did Marx believe would eventually happen as a result of class struggle?

• The end of all societal structures

• A return to feudalism

• A revolution leading to Communism

• A peaceful resolution

What is one of the key impacts of modern political and philosophical developments on contemporary society?

• A decline in scientific research

• Increased focus on religious doctrines

• Greater equality and technological advancements

• A return to traditional values