Periodic Acid and Carbon Bond Cleavage

The video tutorial explores the role of periodic acid in organic synthesis, focusing on its ability to oxidize polyhydroxy compounds and cleave carbon-carbon bonds. It provides examples with glycerol and glyceraldehyde, explaining the resulting products. The mechanism of periodic acid's reaction is detailed, highlighting its electrophilic nature and the formation of cyclic periodate esters. The tutorial concludes with the applications of periodic acid in breaking molecules into fragments or converting cyclic substrates to linear ones.

Why is forming and breaking carbon-carbon bonds crucial in organic synthesis?

• To create and isolate different molecular fragments

• To increase the molecular weight of compounds

• To enhance the color of organic compounds

• To reduce the reactivity of organic molecules

What is the primary function of periodic acid in organic reactions?

• To reduce carbonyl groups

• To oxidize polyhydroxy compounds

• To form ionic bonds

• To act as a Bronsted-Lowry acid

What products are formed when periodic acid reacts with a vicinal diol?

• Two esters

• Two ethers

• Two carbonyls

• Two alcohols

How many equivalents of periodic acid are needed to fully react with glycerol?

• One equivalent

• Two equivalents

• Three equivalents

• Four equivalents

What is the result of oxidizing glyceraldehyde with periodic acid?

• Carbon dioxide and water

• Formic acid and formaldehyde

• Two aldehydes

• Two ketones

What happens to dihydroxyacetone when oxidized by periodic acid?

• It forms two alcohols

• It forms two esters

• It forms carbon dioxide and formaldehyde

• It forms two ketones

What is necessary for periodic acid to cleave carbon-carbon bonds?

• Presence of nitrogen atoms

• Presence of halogen atoms

• Presence of adjacent hydroxyl or carbonyl groups

• Presence of sulfur atoms

What happens if there are intervening carbons without oxygen-containing groups?

• The reaction proceeds normally

• No cleavage occurs

• The reaction speeds up

• The reaction forms a different product

What is the key intermediate formed during the oxidation mechanism of periodic acid?

• Cyclic carbonate

• Cyclic periodate ester

• Cyclic ketone

• Cyclic ether

What drives the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds in the periodic acid mechanism?

• The presence of heat

• The presence of light

• The strength of carbonyl bonds

• The presence of water