Breathing

The video tutorial explains the process of breathing, which involves inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is initiated by the contraction of external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs, thus lowering air pressure and allowing air to enter. Exhalation occurs when these muscles relax, increasing lung pressure and expelling air. Breathing is controlled automatically by the brainstem, but can also be voluntary, as in forced breathing, which involves additional muscles. The tutorial covers both normal and forced breathing processes.

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