The Norman Conquest of Southern Italy: The Battle for Power and Influence

The video explores the rise of the Normans in southern Italy during the 11th century. Initially welcomed as mercenaries, the Normans expanded their influence, becoming a threat to local powers and the Papacy. Pope Leo IX sought to curb their power, leading to a coalition against the Normans. Despite being outnumbered, the Normans won the Battle of Civitate, capturing the Pope and solidifying their control. This victory led to the Treaty of Melfi, recognizing Norman power and forming an unlikely alliance with the Papacy.

What new insight or understanding did you gain from this video?