What is the Fourier Transform?

The video tutorial explains how complex exponentials can estimate functions on an interval and introduces the Fourier transform for estimating functions on the whole real line. It discusses the relationship between the Fourier series and Fourier transform, emphasizing the need to consider all possible k values for accurate approximation. The tutorial breaks down the integral involved in the Fourier transform and demonstrates improving approximation by using smaller delta x values. The video concludes by hinting at the connection between the Fourier transform and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

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