The Prokaryotic Cell

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, the oldest and most primitive type of cells, appearing about 3.5 billion years ago. They include Archaea and bacteria. Prokaryotic cells have a semi-permeable plasma membrane controlling material flow. Small molecules pass through easily, while larger ones do not. The cytoplasm, mostly water, hosts chemical reactions and contains ribosomes for protein synthesis. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, having a nucleoid region with a single circular chromosome and plasmids. They have a cell wall for structure and a capsule for surface attachment. Some possess a flagellum for movement.

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