Penguins: Adaptations and Survival in Land and Water

Penguins are adapted for both land and aquatic environments. On land, they use their flippers and tails for balance, while in water, they swim efficiently using their flippers. They can dive deep and hold their breath for extended periods. Penguins have specialized glands to excrete salt and have keen eyesight adapted for varying light conditions. Their diet consists mainly of fish and crustaceans, with hunting techniques varying by species. Penguins have dense feathers for insulation, which they molt annually. They conserve heat through body size, fat layers, and blood flow control, with some species adapted to release excess heat.

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