Fermentation

Fermentation occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, producing 2 ATP. It involves glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid or ethyl alcohol. NAD+ is crucial for glycolysis, and its regeneration is essential for continued ATP production. Alcoholic fermentation, used in brewing and baking, involves converting pyruvate to ethanol and CO2. Lactic acid fermentation, occurring in muscles during intense exercise, leads to lactate accumulation and muscle fatigue.

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