The video explains how atoms seek stability by achieving full outer electron shells, often through covalent bonding. It covers the formation of single, double, and triple covalent bonds using examples like fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen. The video also discusses how atoms with different electron needs, such as hydrogen and nitrogen, form compounds like ammonia. Various representations of covalent bonds, including molecular formulas and 3D models, are introduced. The concept of valency is explained, showing how it helps determine molecular formulas, exemplified by carbon sulfide.

What new insight or understanding did you gain from this video?