The video tutorial explains the Chi Square test, a non-parametric test used for analyzing differences and correlations in nominal data. It uses Piaget's conservation experiment as an example, formulating a hypothesis that seven-year-olds are more likely to conserve than five-year-olds. The tutorial covers the calculation of degrees of freedom, expected values, and the Chi Square statistic. It concludes by determining the statistical significance of the results, allowing the rejection of the null hypothesis.

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