The video tutorial discusses the advantages and disadvantages of GraphQL. Advantages include its speed, single request handling, strongly typed nature, hierarchical structure, and ability to evolve APIs without server changes. Disadvantages include query complexity, caching difficulties, and challenges with rate limiting. GraphQL is faster than REST APIs due to reduced calls and specific field queries, but its complex queries can lead to performance issues. Caching is more complicated compared to REST, and rate limiting is difficult to specify.

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