The Race for Absolute Zero: Liquefying Gas

The video explores the concept of absolute zero, the coldest possible temperature where atomic motion ceases. It highlights the early 20th-century competition between physicists James Dewar and Heike Kamerlingh Onnes to achieve extreme cold. Dewar first succeeded in liquefying hydrogen in 1898, reaching -252°C. However, Onnes eventually surpassed him by liquefying helium in 1908, achieving -269°C, and won the Nobel Prize in 1913. The pursuit of absolute zero continues to intrigue physicists.

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