Control of Breathing

Breathing is primarily an involuntary process controlled by the brain's respiratory center, though it can be consciously controlled. The brain receives feedback from receptors in the arteries that sense pH and gas levels, such as carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide levels rise, the brain signals the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to increase breathing rate and depth, balancing oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. Resting respiration rates vary but can change quickly due to activity, fear, or stress.

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