How Do Trees Survive Winter?

Trees originally evolved in warm climates and were not suited for freezing temperatures. In cold regions, ice crystals can damage tree cells, and bubbles can disrupt water flow in their plumbing systems. To survive, trees developed adaptations like skinnier pipes and sugary sap, which act as antifreeze. These adaptations were initially for drought conditions but proved useful in cold climates. Some trees, like conifers, use strong antifreeze to keep leaves year-round, while others shed leaves to avoid frost damage. These strategies also help in dry tropical climates, with maple syrup being a notable cold adaptation.

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