NASA | Fluxgate Magnetometry

A flex gate magnetometer functions like a compass but uses electromagnets to measure magnetic fields. It is built using a ferromagnetic metal bar wrapped with a coil of wire. By running an electric current through the coil, the bar becomes magnetized. Reversing the current reverses the magnetic field direction, and repeating this process cancels out the directions. However, an external magnetic field disrupts this balance, allowing measurement. Multiple sensors can be combined to measure magnetic fields in three dimensions.

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