The video tutorial explains the concept of abstract classes in object-oriented programming, focusing on their role in creating polymorphic relationships. It highlights the necessity of declaring a class as abstract if it contains any abstract methods and discusses how abstract classes facilitate polymorphism by allowing methods to operate on objects of different types through a common interface. The tutorial also covers error handling when attempting to instantiate abstract classes and concludes with a recap of key points, emphasizing the importance of abstract classes in sharing data and methods while maintaining polymorphic capabilities.

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