Understanding Changes in Internal Energy and Physical States of Matter

The video explains the concept of internal energy, which is the sum of kinetic and potential energy of particles in an object. It describes how heating affects a solid, causing particles to vibrate more and increase temperature until the melting point is reached. During state changes, energy increases potential energy, keeping temperature constant. Once in liquid form, further heating leads to boiling, where particles overcome attractions and transition to gas. In the gas state, particles move freely, and continued heating raises kinetic energy and temperature.

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