Theory Y and Theory X from Douglas McGregor

Douglas McGregor, a key figure in organizational studies, introduced Theory X and Theory Y to explain different managerial beliefs about employee motivation. Theory X views employees as lazy and needing control, while Theory Y sees them as self-motivated and capable of self-direction. McGregor's work, influenced by Maslow's hierarchy of needs, suggests that engaging higher-level needs can lead to better organizational outcomes. His theories have been foundational in management and organizational communication.

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