Categorizing Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal, Mechanical and Electromagnetic

The video tutorial explains how waves transfer energy without moving matter. It categorizes waves into transverse and longitudinal based on the direction of oscillation relative to energy transfer. Transverse waves have perpendicular oscillations, forming peaks and troughs, while longitudinal waves have parallel oscillations, forming compressions and rarefactions. Waves are also categorized as mechanical, requiring a medium, or electromagnetic, which can travel through a vacuum. Examples include water waves (transverse mechanical), light waves (transverse electromagnetic), and sound waves (longitudinal mechanical).

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