What is soil?

Soil is a complex mixture of stones, water, dead plants, and microorganisms. It forms over years as rock weathers into particles, allowing air and water to fill spaces. Plant roots absorb water, and animals live in the soil. When plants and animals die, they become organic matter, which microorganisms decompose into humus. Humus enriches soil, aiding water absorption and mineral release. Soil has layers: topsoil rich in humus, subsoil of clay and sand, and bedrock, which breaks down to form soil, creating habitats for creatures like naked mole rats.

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