Terminal Voltage

The video tutorial explains terminal voltage, which is the measured voltage across a battery's terminals, and how it differs from electromotive force (EMF), the ideal potential difference. It discusses the internal resistance present in real batteries, which causes the terminal voltage to be less than the EMF when current flows. The tutorial provides a formula for calculating terminal voltage by subtracting the voltage drop across the internal resistance from the EMF. It highlights that as current increases, terminal voltage decreases, and the only time terminal voltage equals EMF is when no current flows. The video concludes with a summary of these concepts.

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