Rock Transformations 1.5 Activity 1

1. Some magma cools and hardens while it’s still underground. Liquid magma can also be spewed onto the surface through volcanic activity. At Earth’s surface, whether it is in open air or underwater, the magma cools and hardens into new rocks.​ (a)  

• igneous rocks
• sedimentary rocks

2. Loose sediment moves downhill, usually into a low place where there’s water, like a lake or the ocean. Layers of sediment begin to build up in the water. Over time, all those layers press on the layers below, compacting the sediment at the bottom. Minerals in the water also create a kind of “glue” that holds the compacted sediment together in a process called cementation. Together, the compaction of many layers and the mineral “glue” transform sediment into new layers of rock.​ (a)  

• sedimentary rocks
• igneous rocks