Modals for Certainty in Past Events

The video tutorial explains how to use modals of certainty for past events. It covers the use of 'must have' for strong guesses, 'may have', 'might have', and 'could have' for uncertainty, and negative forms like 'can't have' and 'couldn't have'. Examples are provided to illustrate each usage, and the video concludes with a summary of these concepts.

What are some examples of modals used to express certainty about past events?

• Must, might, may, could

• Will, shall, can, do

• Is, are, was, were

• Have, has, had, did

When we are not completely sure about a past event, what do we use?

• A modal

• A definite statement

• A question

• An exclamation

Which construction is used to make a strong guess about a past event?

• Must have + past participle

• Can have + past participle

• Will have + past participle

• Should have + past participle

What is the past participle form of 'fall' used in the context of modals?

• Fell

• Fallen

• Falls

• Falling

What is the past participle form of 'hurt' used in the context of modals?

• Hurts

• Hurting

• Hurted

• Hurt

What is the structure used when expressing a strong guess about a past event?

• Will have + past participle

• Should have + past participle

• Can have + past participle

• Must have + past participle

What is the past participle form of 'hurt' used in the context of modals?

• Hurting

• Hurts

• Hurted

• Hurt

What is the structure used when expressing a strong guess about a past event?

• Should have + past participle

• Can have + past participle

• Will have + past participle

• Must have + past participle

What is the past participle form of 'hurt' used in the context of modals?

• Hurt

• Hurted

• Hurting

• Hurts

What is the structure used when expressing a strong guess about a past event?

• Should have + past participle

• Can have + past participle

• Will have + past participle

• Must have + past participle