1- What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer in the Earth's outer core?

• Conduction

• Radiation

• Convection

• Compression

2- What is the geotherm?

• The temperature at Earth's surface

• The temperature variation with depth in Earth

• The melting point of rocks

• The average temperature of the atmosphere

3- Convection in which layer causes the earth’s magnetic field?

• Mid-ocean ridges

• Inner core

• Outer core

• Subduction zones

4- Earth’s magnetic poles is primarily ___?

• tripolar

• dipolar

• unipolar

• None of the above.

5- What does the solidus represent?

• The maximum temperature of rock

• The minimum temperature at which rock melts

• The pressure at Earth's center

• The density of mantle rocks

6- Which area on Earth experiences the highest heat flow?

• The poles

• Mid-ocean ridges

• Deserts

• Mountain ranges

7- What drives the process of mantle convection?

• Solar energy

• Wind patterns

• Sinking of cold ocean plates

• Surface water currents

8- What are P waves?

• Surface waves

• Longitudinal waves

• Transverse waves

• Electromagnetic waves

9- What do S waves indicate about Earth’s materials?

• They can travel through liquids

• They only travel through solids

• They travel through all materials

• They are surface waves

10- What factor primarily influences heat flow in the crust?

• Atmospheric pressure

• Radioactive isotopes

• Ocean currents

• Solar radiation