Social Stratification and Inequality Concepts

What is the broad understanding of social inequality?

• Solely the unequal distribution of income.

• The general differentiation among distinct social strata.

• Differences in individual talents and efforts.

• The concentration of political power within a small elite.

How are economic, social, and political inequalities related?

• They are distinct and operate independently of each other.

• They occur in conjunction and mutually reinforce one another.

• Economic inequality is the sole determinant of social and political inequalities.

• Political inequality primarily causes economic and social disparities.

What is a primary criticism of the concept of meritocracy?

• It overemphasizes the role of collective action in social advancement.

• It fails to acknowledge the importance of individual effort in achieving success.

• It ignores the influence of social environment and systemic barriers on individual opportunities.

• It promotes a system where social status is determined solely by inherited wealth.

In the context of social stratification within capitalism, how do Karl Marx's and Émile Durkheim's perspectives primarily differ?

• Marx emphasizes the division based on the importance of professions, while Durkheim focuses on class struggle.

• Marx highlights the division between the bourgeoisie and proletariat, whereas Durkheim emphasizes the importance of professions based on remuneration and status.

• Both Marx and Durkheim agree that social stratification is solely determined by individual merit.

• Durkheim argues for a classless society, while Marx supports a hierarchical structure based on wealth.